Case-control study on minimally invasive percutaneous new plate osteosynthesis applied in proximal humerus fractures in elder patients / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical significance of minimally invasive percutaneous new plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) applied in three and four-part fractures of proximal humerus in elder patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2008 to December 2010, 98 old patients with three and four-part fractures of proximal humerus were treated with locking plate osteosynthesis. There were 43 males and 55 females with an average age of (71.3 +/- 6.2) years ranging from 65 to 84. Among them,47 cases were treated with minimally invasive percutaneous new plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) through antrolateral transdeoltoid approach, and meanwhile 51 cases were treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) through a traditional deltopectoral approach. The operation time,blood loss,wound complications and hospital stay were recorded. The functional outcomes of the shoulder were assessed according to Constant score.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ninety-six patients were followed up for 13 to 42 months (averaged 18.1 months),and 2 patients died during the follow-up period. The mean blood loss of the MIPPO group was lower than that of the ORIF group by 125 ml (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the operation time between two groups. But the MIPPO group had a slightly shorter hospital stay than the ORIF group (P < 0.05). All the fractures united clinically and radiologically. The difference of the mean healing time between two groups was not significant. The mean Constant score at final follow-up of two groups had no statistic difference. But the rate of complication of the MIPPO group was lower than that of the ORIF group (P < 0.05). Only 1 case of the MIPPO group had axillary nerve paralysis post-operatively, but 4 cases had slack internal fixation and 2 cases had avascular necrosis of the humeral head in the ORIF group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The technique of percutaneous insertion combined new locking plate internal fixation has the advantages of less blood loss, rapid recovery, less vascular damage, lower risk of complications and so on. It can effectively treat the proximal humerus three-and four-part fractures, especially to elder patients with osteoporosis.</p>

Clinical study of submental artery island myocutaneous flap for reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial defects following operation / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the outcome and indication of the reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial postoperative defects by submental artery island myocutaneous flaps.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty eight cases with the reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial defects by submental artery island myocutaneous flaps from January 2006 to May 2010 were analysed retrospectively. Primary lesions included carcinomas originating from tongue (28 cases), palate (13 cases), mouth floor (9 cases), gingiva (4 cases), buccal mucosa (6 cases), lip (3 cases), and other malignant or benign tumors (5 cases). The ages ranged from 25 to 84 years (mean 58 years); 47 males and 21 females. The sizes of skin paddle varied from a minimum of 4 cm × 4 cm to a maximum of 15 cm × 10 cm.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 68 flaps, 62 were survival, 4 had partial necrosis but healed with treatments, and 2 failed due to complete necrosis. Appearance and functions of recipient sites were satisfactory. The followed-up time was 3 - 24 months, local recurrence occurred in 5 cases and cervical lymph node metastases were found in 15 patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Submental island flap is reliable for the reconstruction of postoperative defects in early oral cancer without regional lymph node metastasis or in benign tumor.</p>

Responses of pancreatic cancer cells to stimulations by nerve growth factor and the role of Trk-A expression / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the responses of different pancreatic cancer cells to stimulations by nerve growth factor (NGF) and explore the role of Trk-A in such responses.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five pancreatic cancer cell lines (MIA-PaCa-2, PANC-1, SW-1990, AsPC-1, and BxPC-3) were exposed to different concentrations of NGF (0, 4, 20, 100, and 500 ng/ml). MTT and Matrigel invasion method were used to observe the changes in the cell proliferation and invasion ability. Trk-A expression in these cells was detected by PCR and Western blotting, and the relations of Trk-A expression to the cell proliferative and invasive abilities following NGF treatment were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NGF at 100 ng/ml most obviously stimulated the cell proliferation, and PANC-1 cells showed the highest while AsPC-1 cells showed the least sensitivity to 100 ng/ml NGF stimulation. Matrigel invasion test showed that NGF enhanced the invasiveness of PANC-1 and MIA-PaCa-2 cells but produced only limited effect on AsPC-1 cells; the effect of NGF was completely inhibited by the Trk-A inhibitor CEP701. The expression levels of Trk-A mRNA and protein were the highest in PANC-1 cells and the lowest in AsPC-1 cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NGF can enhance the proliferation and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells, and this effect is possibly mediated by Trk-A protein.</p>

A case control study on the treatment of distal radioulnar joint instability combined with distal radius fractures between fixation and non-fixation distal radioulnar joint / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the options on treatment of distal radioulnar joint instability combined with distal radius fracture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2007 to December 2009, 264 patients with unstable distal radius fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, in which 42 patients combined with distal radioulnar instability. Distal radioulnar joints of 20 patients were fixed with Kirschner wire or plaster cast at supinator position, and other distal radioulnar joints of 22 patients were not fixed. Range of motion of wrist joints and grip strength were observed; function of wrist were evaluated by modified Gartland-Werley scoring system (GW score); stability of distal radioulnar joints were tested at final follow-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty-one patients were followed up more than 1 year. All fractures obtained healing within 3 months after operation, and apposition of joints was good, no significant subluxation or dislocation were found. There were not statistical differences in grip strength, motion of joints and GW score between two groups (fixation and non-fixation). Only one patient occurred chronic distal radioulnar instability.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There was no significant difference between fixation and non fixation for the treatment of distal radius fractures with distal radioulnar joint instability. For this reason, if fractures can be satisfactory reduced, there is no need for the one-stage distal radioulnar joint fixation.</p>

Evaluation of the articulator function in the hemi-tongue defect patients after radical tongue cancer resection and simultaneous reconstruction with forearm flap or primary close / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of the patients' articulator function after reconstruction of hemi-tongue defect with forearm flap (FAP) or prime close (PC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>36 patients who underwent hemiglossectomy were investigated after radical surgery for TSCC. 20 cases were reconstructed with FAP flaps and 16 with primary closure. The patients' articulator functions were evaluated by articulation tests. VS-9700 was used to analyze the speech character when they pronounce /ji/.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1) The speech articulation of patients who underwent hemi-tongue reconstruction with FAF was better than that of patients with PC, and there was significant difference between them (P < 0.05). 2) The first formant (F1) of /i/ of the PC group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). But the second formant (F2) of the PC group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The first formant (F1) of /i/ of the FAF group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between FAF group and control group in F2 of /i/ (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Articulator function can be well achieved by forearm flaps reconstruction to hemi-tongue defect patients.</p>

Silencing of survivin gene enhances chemosensitivity of human tongue cancer cell line Tca8113 to cisplatin / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of survivin short hairpin RNA (shRNA) on survivin expression, cell apoptosis, and chemosensitivity of human tongue cancer cell Tca8113 to cisplatin.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Survivin-directed shRNA plasmid vector was delivered into Tca8113 cells with lipofectamine(TM) 2000 reagent. Survivin expression was detected with the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. Flow cytometry was used to examine cell apoptosis, and the sensitivity to anticancer agents was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After survivin shRNA vector transfection in Tca8113 cells, the expression of mRNA/protein declined significantly, and the apoptotic rate increased in time-dependent manner up to 37.9% at 48 hours. RNAi-mediated survivin reduction selectively inhibited growth and enhanced chemosensitivity of cisplatin but not of 5-fluorouracil.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Survivin shRNA could inhibit the expression of survivin mRNA and it's protein and enhance the chemosensitivity of cisplatin.</p>

Lower trapezius myocutaneous flap for repairing defects in head and neck region / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the anatomy basis and clinical effects of the lower trapezius myocutaneous flap to reconstruct defects in the head and neck.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Jan. 2000 to Jan. 2004, lower trapezius myocutaneous flaps which were used to reconstruct the defects in the head and neck after radical tumors resection in twenty four cases in Center of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were analyzed retrospectively. Male was 14,female was 10. Ages ranged from 35 to 76 (median = 54). The causes of the defects were malignant neoplasm of the tongue (n = 10), buccal (n =4), oral floor (n = 2), parotid (n = 1 ), oropharynx (n = 2), gingiva (n = 3), maxillary sinus (n = 1), zygomatic and frontal part (n = 1). Fifteen patients were primary, nine patients were recurrent. The flaps ranged from 8 cm x 7 cm to 12 cm x 10 cm.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty one flaps survived fully and the other three had partial necrosis at the distal portion. Twenty two donor sites were closed primarily. Follow up 6 to 24 months, all flaps were good, the texture and color of the flaps were satisfying.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Lower trapezius myocutaneous flap is a thin, pliable and simple myocutaneous with a long pediculi and wide arc of rotation, and it is preferred for reconstructing huge soft-tissues defects in the head and neck regions simultaneously.</p>

Determination of Geniposide in Jieyu'anshen Granules by HPLC / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Aim]To establish an HPLC method for determination of geniposide in Jieyu'anshen Granule Liquid.[Methods]A shimpack C18 column was used.The mobile phase was Acetonirile-water(15:85).The detection wavelength was 238nm.[Results]The linear range of geniposide was 0.0375~0.2250ug,r=0.9999(n=6).The average recovery was 98.67%.[Conclusion]This method is convenient,rapid and accurate.It can be for quality control in Jieyu'anshen Granules Oral Liquid.

Comparison of Different Analgesia Methods after Pediatric Half Inguinal Hernia Repair / 实用儿科临床杂志

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and side effects of ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blockades and rectal paracetamol after pediatric inguinal hernia repair.MethodsNinety children undergoing half inguinal hernia repair were randomly divided into 3 groups:nerve block group(n=30),paracetamol group(n=30) and control group(n=30).After basal anesthesia,ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blockades was administed in nerve block group,paracetamol group received rectal paracetamol,control group had not any medication.Every child was oberserved 1,3,6,8 h postoperatively for pain score,overall satisfaction were evaluated by parents,furthermore,evaluation of distress for children such as nausea,vomiting and delayed femoral nerve palsy was made.ResultsPain scores were significantly lower in nerve block group and paracetamol group during the postoperative follow-up 1,3 and 6 h.Overall satisfaction in nerve block group and paracetamol group were significantly higher than control group.The incidence of delayed femoral nerve palsy in nerve block group was higher than paracetamol group(F=4.22P

Plastic surgical treatment of extensive hemangiomas in the oral and maxillofacial regions in children / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate plastic surgical procedures for the extensive soft tissue hemangiomas in the oral and maxillofacial regions in children and to explore prevention methods from surgical complications.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>134 patients with hemangiomas were surgically treated. The defects of soft tissue were repaired with pedicle flaps or skin grafts. Of the 134 patients, 16 were newborns, 91 infant, 16 at preschool age and 11 at school age. The location of hemangiomas included parotid gland (39.6%), lip (20.9%), buccal (20.1%), suborbital (9%), orbital (7.5%) and nasal region (3%).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Follow-up from 6 months to 5 years showed that the cure rate was 80.6%, apparently effective rate was 15.7%, effective rate was 2.2% and ineffective rate was 1.5%. No major surgical complications were found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Extensive hemangiomas in the oral and maxillofacial regions in children were treated safely using plastic surgical procedures with satisfactory results esthetically and functionally.</p>

An island pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for the reconstruction of tongue and floor of mouth / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate an island pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for immediate reconstruction of the total tongue body and the floor of the mouth after radical resection of bilateral tongue carcinoma involved.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Form October 2000 to December 2002, seven patients with bilateral tongue carcinoma were selected to treat with salvage surgery, and an island pectoralis major myocutaneous flap were applied for immediate reconstruction of total body of tongue and floor of mouth.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six flaps survived well. Only one flap showed a partial necrosis, with no submandibular fistula, infection, and other complications. The reconstructed tongue and floor of mouth worked well. The speaking and swallowing functions were satisfactory after 2 approximately 16 months' follow-ups. Only one patient died of lung metastasis carcinoma in 9 months after the operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The island pectoralis major myocutaneous flap could be an ideal selection for the immediate reconstruction of the total tongue body and the floor of mouth.</p>

Effect of salvage surgery for patients with recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the benefit of restaging recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma (R-OSCC) and the effect on salvage surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An analysis was performed on 30 patients with local only first failure (n = 13) or loca-regional only first failure (n = 9) or first recurrence in the neck (n = 8) after surgery and/or radiation treatment given for oral squamous cell carcinoma. All the 30 patients were restaged and treated with salvage surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall survival time and disease-free survival time of patients with early staged R-OSCC was longer than that of patients with advanced staged R-OSCC. The 1-year survival and 1-year disease-free survival rates for early staged R-OSCC is also higher than that of advanced staged R-OSCC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The re-stage of the recurrent tumor is significantly correlated with survival. The salvage surgery is an effective measure in patients with recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma, especially in early staged patients of R-OSCC.</p>

Transfection of human endostatin gene with lipofectamin and the expression of hES protein in Tca8113 cell / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this study was to establish transfergeneic Tca8113 cell and evaluate the expression of human endostatin (hES) gene in the cell colone in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To transfect hES gene into Tca8113 cells, lipofectamin was complexed with plasmid encoding hES gene, and blasticidin S antibiotic was adopted to select Tca8113--hES cell clone. Immunohistochemistry S-P method was adopted to detect the expression of hES in the transfergenic Tca8113 cell in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Transfected by hES, the transfergenic Tca8113 cells could grow and proliferate in RPMI--1640 culture medium containing blasticidin S antibiotic. The expression rate of hES reached 100%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>hES gene can express in hES-transfected Tca8113 cell in vitro.</p>

Effect of fas gene transfection on tumourigenicity and proliferation of transplanted tumor of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line Tca8113 / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of fas gene transfection and monoclonal anti-fas antibody on tumorigenicity and proliferation of transplanted tumor of Tca8113 cell.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Plasmid including fas gene was transfected into Tca8113 cell by lipofectamine kit. Some transfected cells were treated by monoclonal anti-fas antibody after 48 hours since transfection. Untransfected cell (control), fas-tansfected cell and fas-transfected cell treated with antibody were transplanted to nude mice subcutaneously. Growth of transplanted tumor was observed and recorded regularly. Animals were sacrificed and tumor samples were harvested at the end of experiment. Fas expression in each neoplasm was assessed by RT-PCR. Apoptosis, proliferation and expression of fas protein in tumor tissue were measured by flow cytometry (FCM).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Tumor occurred much later in fas-transfected group and fas-transfected plus antibody treated group. Growth arrest was found in them. RT-PCR and FCM suggested that fas-transfection up-regulated the expression of fas mRNA and protein, increased apoptosis index (AI). But no effect on proliferation index (PI) was observed. Monoclonal anti-fas antibody did not effect the expression of fas mRNA and protein, but increased AI and decreased PI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fas-transfection suppressing tumorigenesis of Tca8113 cell transplanted in nude mice might be caused by up-regulation of expression of fas gene and enhancement of apoptosis. However, anti-fas antibody suppressing tumorigenesis might be associated with activation of apoptosis and repression of proliferation.</p>

The inhibitory effect of human endostatin gene on tumor growth of tongue squamous cell carcinoma / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of transfected human endostatin (hES) gene in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and its inhibitory effects on the growth of tumor cells in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Lipofectamine-mediated hES gene was transferred into Tca8113 cells, selected with Blasticidin S; The stable transfected cells were inoculated in BALB/c mice, and then the growth of xenografts was observed. The hES and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression of xenografts was detected by S-P immuno-histochemical assay. We also detected the microvessel density (MVD) of xenografts with Weidern's method and apoptotic index of the tumor cells by flow cytometry (FCM).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The hES protein expression of xenografts in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.01), while the expression of VEGF protein was on the other way round (P < 0.01). MVD counting of xenografts in experimental group was lower than that in control group (P < 0.01). The mean apoptotic level of the tumor cells in control group was also lower than in experimental group (P < 0.01). In addition, the inhibitory rate to growth of xenografts induced by hES transfection was 78.9%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>hES gene can be transferred into TSCC cells and then induce corresponding protein expression efficiently in xenograft model, resulting in significantly inhibitory effects on the xenografts in vivo.</p>

Study on the relationship between Fas expression and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship of Fas mRNA and protein expression and apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Northern blot and flow cytometry (TUNEL method) were used to detect the expression of Fas mRNA and Fas protein, cell cycle and apoptotic level in oral squamous cell carcinoma. The relationship between Fas gene expression and OSCC apoptosis was analyzed statistically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fas mRNA and protein could be detected in all five normal oral mucosa specimens. There was positive correlation between expression of Fas mRNA/protein and cell differentiation as well as apoptosis in OSCC (P < 0.005).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of Fas gene was highly correlated with the differentiation and apoptosis in OSCC.</p>

Intervention effect of an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on carcinogenesis of hamster cheek pouch carcinoma / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the expression changes of VEGF, iNOS and the level of MVD and NO during the evolution of Golden hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis. To study the effect of NO in carcinogenesis in the pouch of hamster, and to investigate the effect of NOS inhibitor L-NAME in interfering with carcinogenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>90 golden hamsters were divided into three groups: 40 in experiment group, 40 in control group and 10 in blank group. DMBA was painted on hamster's cheek pouch in experiment and control group, L-NAME was given to hamster in experiment group at the dose of 0.02 ml/g. Hamsters were killed at 6, 9, 12 and 16th weeks, respectively. The blank group was killed at the 16th week. SABC immunohistochemistry assay was used to detect the expression of iNOS, VEGF and factor VIII-related antigen. MVD was measured. The level of NO was measured by Spectrophotometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The difference between control group and experiment group at the 12th week and 16th week was observed. The difference of positive expression rate of iNOS in all group was significant and difference between blank group and control group was significant. The difference of positive expression rate of VEGF in all group was significant and difference between blank group and control group at the 12th and 16th week was significant; there was significant difference in every group MVD from the 6th week control group to the 16th week control. There were significant difference among the control group, except the 6th week of experiment and control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is an increased expression of iNOS and the level of NO, as well MVD during the evolution of Golden hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis from slightly dysplasia to invasive carcinoma. NO plays an important role during the evolution of carcinogenesis, and iNOS inhibitor L-NAME can inhibit the carcinogenesis.</p>